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Natural disasters can have devastating consequences, including:







Loss of life and injury:
Human casualties are a tragic outcome of many natural disasters. 



 












Property damage:
Buildings, infrastructure, and personal belongings can be destroyed or damaged. 



 












Economic disruption:
Disasters can disrupt local economies, causing significant financial losses. 



 












Environmental damage:
Natural disasters can lead to habitat destruction, pollution, and other environmental problems. 



 












Importance of Preparedness:




While natural disasters are inevitable, being prepared can significantly reduce their impact: 



 








Early warning systems: Timely warnings allow communities to evacuate and take necessary precautions. 



 




Building codes and regulations: Stronger infrastructure can better withstand natural hazards. 



 




Community awareness and education: Educating the public about disaster preparedness is crucial. 



 




Emergency response plans: Having well-defined plans for responding to disasters can save lives and minimize damage. 

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are fats and oils
Fatty acid and glycerol molecules are the components that make up triglycerides
Fats and oils have a number of important functions in organisms: energy storage, insulation, buoyancy, and protection

 
 






 
Energy storage

The long hydrocarbon chains in triglycerides contain many carbon-hydrogen bonds with little oxygen (triglycerides are highly reduced)

So when triglycerides are oxidised during cellular respiration this causes these bonds to break releasing energy used to produce ATP

 

Triglycerides, therefore, store more energy per gram than carbohydrates and proteins (37kJ compared to 17kJ)
As triglycerides are hydrophobic they do not cause osmotic water uptake in cells so more can be stored

Plants store triglycerides, in the form of oils, in their seeds and fruits. If extracted from seeds and fruits these are generally liquid at room temperature due to the presence of double bonds which add kinks to the fatty acid chains altering their properties
Mammals store triglycerides as oil droplets in adipose tissue to help them survive when food is scarce (e.g. hibernating bears)

 

The oxidation of the carbon-hydrogen bonds releases large numbers of water molecules (metabolic water) during cellular respiration

Desert animals retain this water if there is no liquid water to drink
Bird and reptile embryos in their shells also use this water

Common causesTrusted Source of back pain include:


Strains and sprains


Strains are injuries to muscles or tendons, while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include:



pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something
bending over
twisting the spine abruptly
coughing or sneezing



Other types of injury that can causeTrusted Source back pain include whiplash and fractures.


Learn the difference between a sprain and a strain.


Posture


Posture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures can leadTrusted Source to pain.


Examples of postures that may eventually cause pain include:



forward head posture, which is when the head juts forward over the spine
slouching, which involves sitting or standing with rounded shoulders
hyperlordosis, which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back



Everyday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include:



driving
using a laptop or computer that is too low down
sitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back
sleeping on an unsupportive mattress



Learn more about different types of posture.


Structural problems


Some structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These can includeTrusted Source:



Ruptured disks: Disks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica.
Bulging disks: Similarly, a disk that bulges from its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica.
Arthritis: Osteoarthritis can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the spinal cord narrows. Health experts call this spinal stenosis.
Osteoporosis: This causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain.
Curvature of the spine: Back pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is scoliosis, in which the spine curves to the side.



Other causes


Other factors that may lead to back pain include:



kidney stones
menstrual cramps
endometriosis
pregnancy
infections of the spine, bladder, kidneys, or reproductive system
shingles, which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path
cauda equina syndrome
cancer of the spine

Edited: Management Information System (MIS) is a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, analyze, and access data to support decision-making, improve strategies, and monitor operations within an organization. It integrates data collection, processing, and analysis to provide timely and accurate information for informed decision-making at all levels of the organization. 

 
Edited: Core Functions of MIS:







Data Collection:
MIS systems gather data from various sources, both internal and external to the organization. 



 













Data Processing:
Collected data is processed, analyzed, and transformed into meaningful information through various techniques. 



 












Information Storage:
Processed information is stored in a structured manner for easy access and retrieval. 



 












Information Dissemination:
The system distributes relevant information to the appropriate users in a timely manner. 



 












Decision Support:
MIS provides the information needed by managers to make informed decisions, solve problems, and plan for the future. 



 











Key Components of MIS:




Hardware: The physical components of the system, such as computers, servers, and networks. 



 




Software: The applications and programs used to process and analyze data. 



 




People: Individuals who operate and maintain the system and utilize the information it provides. 



 




Procedures: The established rules and processes for using the system. 



 




Data: The raw facts and figures collected and processed by the system. 

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Symptoms -- Editing





Symptoms of a heart attack vary. Some people have mild symptoms. Others have severe symptoms. Some people have no symptoms.
Common heart attack symptoms include:

Chest pain that may feel like pressure, tightness, pain, squeezing or aching
Pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, teeth or sometimes the upper belly
Cold sweat
Fatigue
Heartburn or indigestion
Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness
Nausea
Shortness of breath

Women may have atypical symptoms such as brief or sharp pain felt in the neck, arm or back. Sometimes, the first symptom sign of a heart attack is sudden cardiac arrest.
Some heart attacks strike suddenly. But many people have warning signs and symptoms hours, days or weeks in advance. Chest pain or pressure (angina) that keeps happening and doesn't go away with rest may be an early warning sign. Angina is caused by a temporary decrease in blood flow to the heart.



Symptoms





Symptoms of a heart attack vary. Some people have mild symptoms. Others have severe symptoms. Some people have no symptoms.
Common heart attack symptoms include:

Chest pain that may feel like pressure, tightness, pain, squeezing or aching
Pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, teeth or sometimes the upper belly
Cold sweat
Fatigue
Heartburn or indigestion
Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness
Nausea
Shortness of breath

Women may have atypical symptoms such as brief or sharp pain felt in the neck, arm or back. Sometimes, the first symptom sign of a heart attack is sudden cardiac arrest.
Some heart attacks strike suddenly. But many people have warning signs and symptoms hours, days or weeks in advance. Chest pain or pressure (angina) that keeps happening and doesn't go away with rest may be an early warning sign. Angina is caused by a temporary decrease in blood flow to the heart.