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The Internet of Things (IoT) has provided ways to improve nearly every industry imaginable. In agriculture, IoT has not only provided solutions to often time-consuming and tedious tasks but is totally changing the way we think about agriculture. What exactly is a smart farm, though? Here is a rundown of what smart farming is and how it's changing agriculture.
What is a Smart Farm?
Smart farming refers to managing farms using modern Information and communication technologies to increase the quantity and quality of products while optimizing the human labor required.
Among the technologies available for present-day farmers are:


Sensors: soil, water, light, humidity, temperature management


Software:  specialized software solutions that target specific farm types or applications agnostic IoT platforms


Connectivity: cellular, LoRa


Location: GPS, Satellite


Robotics: Autonomous tractors, processing facilities


Data analytics: standalone analytics solutions, data pipelines for downstream solutions

In 1957, people started figuring out new ways to build computer programs. They wanted to make the process better over time, so they came up with iterative and incremental methods.
In the 1970s, people started using adaptive software development and evolutionary project management. This means they were adjusting and evolving how they built software.
In 1990s, there was a big change. Some people didn't like the strict and super-planned ways of doing things in software development. They called these old ways "waterfall." So, in response, lighter and more flexible methods showed up.

 
Edited: Core Functions of MIS:







Data Collection:
MIS systems gather data from various sources, both internal and external to the organization. 



 













Data Processing:
Collected data is processed, analyzed, and transformed into meaningful information through various techniques. 



 












Information Storage:
Processed information is stored in a structured manner for easy access and retrieval. 



 












Information Dissemination:
The system distributes relevant information to the appropriate users in a timely manner. 



 












Decision Support:
MIS provides the information needed by managers to make informed decisions, solve problems, and plan for the future. 



 











Key Components of MIS:




Hardware: The physical components of the system, such as computers, servers, and networks. 



 




Software: The applications and programs used to process and analyze data. 



 




People: Individuals who operate and maintain the system and utilize the information it provides. 



 




Procedures: The established rules and processes for using the system. 



 




Data: The raw facts and figures collected and processed by the system. 

The group project is a much-dreaded component of undergraduate courses, doubly so if students are expected to create their own project from scratch. However, instructors consistently return to the independent group project as an exercise that, if done properly, stimulates student inquiry and cooperation. In this post, I reflect on my experiences facilitating student-led group projects in a biology course and relate these experiences to the commonalities of independent group work across disciplines. I outline four common issues related to independent group projects, then provide the rationale for managing each issue to maximize learning outcomes.