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Your cholesterol numbers are important because they help you know your risk for heart disease. Cholesterol is a type of lipid (fat) that helps your body perform many important functions. But too much cholesterol in your blood is bad for you. It can enter your artery wall, damage its integrity and lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque (hardened deposits).
This process of plaque buildup is called atherosclerosis. It can lead to serious problems like:

Coronary artery disease: Blocked blood flow to your heart.
Peripheral artery disease: Blocked blood flow to your legs and arms.
Carotid artery disease: Blocked blood flow to your brain.

Cholesterol travels through your blood silently. And it turns into plaque silently. Plaque buildup is like someone tip-toeing on carpet. You might not see or notice its presence for a long time. You may have no symptoms until you have a heart attack or stroke. At that point, the plaque is like high heels on a hardwood floor. And it’s already caused serious damage to your body.
You can live for many years with high cholesterol and not even know it. That’s why it’s essential to get your cholesterol numbers checked on a regular basis. If your cholesterol numbers are too high (hyperlipidemia), that’s a red flag for you and your healthcare provider. High cholesterol is a major risk factor for heart disease. But catching it early gives you a chance to make changes and get your cholesterol to a healthy level.

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are fats and oils
Fatty acid and glycerol molecules are the components that make up triglycerides
Fats and oils have a number of important functions in organisms: energy storage, insulation, buoyancy, and protection

 
 






 
Energy storage

The long hydrocarbon chains in triglycerides contain many carbon-hydrogen bonds with little oxygen (triglycerides are highly reduced)

So when triglycerides are oxidised during cellular respiration this causes these bonds to break releasing energy used to produce ATP

 

Triglycerides, therefore, store more energy per gram than carbohydrates and proteins (37kJ compared to 17kJ)
As triglycerides are hydrophobic they do not cause osmotic water uptake in cells so more can be stored

Plants store triglycerides, in the form of oils, in their seeds and fruits. If extracted from seeds and fruits these are generally liquid at room temperature due to the presence of double bonds which add kinks to the fatty acid chains altering their properties
Mammals store triglycerides as oil droplets in adipose tissue to help them survive when food is scarce (e.g. hibernating bears)

 

The oxidation of the carbon-hydrogen bonds releases large numbers of water molecules (metabolic water) during cellular respiration

Desert animals retain this water if there is no liquid water to drink
Bird and reptile embryos in their shells also use this water

Common causesTrusted Source of back pain include:


Strains and sprains


Strains are injuries to muscles or tendons, while sprains affect the ligaments. Examples of movements that could lead to one of these injuries include:



pushing, pulling, lifting, or carrying something
bending over
twisting the spine abruptly
coughing or sneezing



Other types of injury that can causeTrusted Source back pain include whiplash and fractures.


Learn the difference between a sprain and a strain.


Posture


Posture refers to how a person holds themselves when sitting or standing. Over time, some postures can leadTrusted Source to pain.


Examples of postures that may eventually cause pain include:



forward head posture, which is when the head juts forward over the spine
slouching, which involves sitting or standing with rounded shoulders
hyperlordosis, which is when the hips tilt forward, arching the lower back



Everyday activities can also mean a person adopts an unhealthy posture for prolonged periods. Examples include:



driving
using a laptop or computer that is too low down
sitting in chairs or on couches that do not support the back
sleeping on an unsupportive mattress



Learn more about different types of posture.


Structural problems


Some structural problems of the spine may also result in back pain. These can includeTrusted Source:



Ruptured disks: Disks cushion each vertebra in the spine. If the disk ruptures, it exerts more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. Sometimes, this pain may travel through the buttock and down the back of a leg. This is known as sciatica.
Bulging disks: Similarly, a disk that bulges from its place between the bones can put pressure on a nerve. Sometimes, this may also result in sciatica.
Arthritis: Osteoarthritis can cause problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, and other areas of the body. Sometimes, the space around the spinal cord narrows. Health experts call this spinal stenosis.
Osteoporosis: This causes the bones to become brittle and porous. When this leads to fractures, osteoporosis may cause back pain.
Curvature of the spine: Back pain can occur if the spine curves too much. An example is scoliosis, in which the spine curves to the side.



Other causes


Other factors that may lead to back pain include:



kidney stones
menstrual cramps
endometriosis
pregnancy
infections of the spine, bladder, kidneys, or reproductive system
shingles, which lies dormant in nerves and can reactivate, causing a painful rash along the nerve path
cauda equina syndrome
cancer of the spine